http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5216 2026-04-13T13:29:06Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5229 Title: Cooperative Learning as Active Learning in Yeka Sub-city Preparatory Schools: Practices, Benefits, Challenges and Implications for Quality Education Authors: Simegn Sendek Abstract: The study was conducted to examine the practices, benefits and challenges of oneto- five cooperative learning in preparatory schools of Yeka Sub-city, Addis Ababa. Descriptive survey design was used and data were collected through questionnaire from 263 participants recruited through simple random-lottery method. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage, mean, standard deviation, and independent sample t-test whereas qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The result shows that both teachers and students were concentrated on the middle of the scale i.e. unable to decide the practice of one-to-five cooperative learning in relation to the basic elements including positive interdependence, face-to-face promotive interaction, individual accountability, interpersonal skill, and the role of teachers‟ in the process. Teachers were significantly higher than students on group processing and the role of teachers in one-to-five cooperative learning implementation. Regarding the benefits of one-to-five cooperative learning, both teachers and students encountered difficulty to decide about the academic, social and psychological benefits of cooperative learning. Concerning demographic variables, female teachers scored significantly higher mean than male counter parts in responding about the practice of one-to-five cooperative learning as per the basic elements and the role of teachers in facilitating the process. In addition, statistically significant difference were found between grade 11 and grade 12 students where the latter group of students better acknowledged the involvement of teachers in one-tofive cooperative learning practices. Uncomfortable time schedule; lack of interest and motivation; and lack of awareness about the importance of cooperative learning were identified as the major challenges affecting the practice of cooperative learning. This study suggests that preparing awareness raising training and discussion forums for teachers and students, and integrating the program as part of the regular class are salient for effective implementation of cooperative learning. 2019-12-02T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5228 Title: EPRDF’s Ethiopian Foreign Policy Evaluation, as to Red Sea’s Militarization Authors: Alula Nerea Abstract: This article was aimed to evaluate responsiveness capacity of Ethiopian foreign policy to political and militarization dynamics in Red Sea region from effectiveness and adequacy policy measurement criterions vantage point. This review employed both explanatory and argumentative synthesization of different sources in deductive manner to explore tangible facts ontologically and tested them with theoretical tenets and established facts. To assert this, logical framework of analysis was designed. This stared with selecting prominent IR theoretical tenets of Hegemonic Stability Theory HST & Realism together with globalization dynamics followed by crystallizing and summarizing Ethiopian foreign policy objectives in two subsections of general Ethiopian Foreign Policy (EFP) objectives and specific objectives (Eretria, Somalia, Egypt and Arabian Peninsula). Subsequently, adequacy and effectiveness as policy evaluation criterion were selected to answer whether or not Ethiopian foreign policy has sufficient or adequate assumptions aligned with the intensity and type of problems we face in Red Sea and also effective enough to achieve its policy objectives in red sea. As a result of following this methodology, the study has found that foreign policy deficiency on responding effectiveness capacity or due to obsolete policy assumptions which were resulted from swift global and regional IR dynamics. Policy effectiveness and adequacy in a specific targeted countries such as Eritrea and Arabian peninsula EFP was not Effective and adequate. However, in a case of Somalia EFP was both effective and adequate. With regard to Egypt, EFP assumptions were adequate but not effective when it‟s compared EFP objectives. Thus, revision of foreign policy towards Eritrea and Egypt is recommended. Asides, having holistic policy which is directed on Red Sea as a hole is essential. 2019-12-02T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5227 Title: Quality Assessment in the Laboratory: Errors in the Total Testing Process in the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia Authors: Sintayehu Ambachew, Kasawu Adane, Abebaw Worede, Molla Abebe, Shewaneh Damite, Tadele Melak, Daniel Asmelash, Habtamu Wondifrawu, Belete Biadgo Abstract: Laboratory services have been described as the major processes contributing to safe patient care in the modern healthcare sector. However, occurrences of errors in the overall testing processes impair the clinical decision-making process. Such errors are supposed to be high in resourcepoor countries, like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess errors in the total testing process in the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory of University of Gondar Hospital. For this purpose, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Gondar Hospital from February to March 2016. All the required data were collected using established quality indicators. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequencies and cross tabulations were used to summarize descriptive statistics. A total of 3259 samples and corresponding laboratory request forms were received for analysis. Analysis of the overall distribution of errors reveals that 89.6% were pre-analytical errors, 2.6% were analytical, and 7.7% were postanalytical errors. Of the pre-analytical errors, incomplete request form filling was the most frequent error observed followed by sample rejection rate (3.8%). Analytical errors related to internal and external quality control exceeding the target range, (14.4%) and (51.4%) respectively were reported. Excessive Turnaround Time (TAT) and unreported critical value cases were major defects in the post-analytical phase of quality assurance. The study shows that relatively high frequency of errors, which alarms the importance of quality indicators to assess errors in the total testing process should improve the quality of healthcare services based on these findings using laboratory standards 2019-12-02T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5226 Title: Effect of Blend Ratio on Chemical Composition and Sensory Characteristics of Composite Wheat, Pumpkin and Soya Bread Authors: Demelash Hailu, Ayana Fekadu Abstract: The study determines the effect of blend ratio on chemical composition and sensory characteristics of composite wheat, pumpkin and soya bread. The proximate compositions of bread produced with the different mix ratios of wheat, pumpkin and soybean flours were ranged from 11.07 to 13.19% for moisture, 1.15 to 2.15% for ash, 1.18 to 1.54% for fiber, 16.31 to 18.74% for fat, 14.22 to 17.33% for protein, 60.24 to 66.78% for carbohydrates and 470.79 to 478.95 kcal/100g for energy. The result shows that as the supplementation level of pumpkin and soybean flour increases, the ash, fiber, fat and protein of the composite bread produced increase. However, the carbohydrate contents of the produced bread decrease. The sensory evaluation of bread produced was in acceptable range even though it decreased as the supplementation level of the pumpkin and soybean increased. Generally, the study reveals that the composite bread produced was in acceptable range in 9-point hedonic scale. The result shows that supplementation of pumpkin and soybean in bread production can minimize the cost of wheat which is actually imported from different countries. Thus, it is recommended that since pumpkin and soybean had appreciable amounts of nutrients, improve the nutrients in the composite products, they can be used with wheat for different food product development. 2019-12-02T00:00:00Z