| Abstract: | Networks of small, inexpensive, disposable, and smart sensors are emerging as a new
technology with tremendous potential. Wireless sensor networks can be randomly
deployed inside or close to a phenomenon to be monitored without the need for
human intervention. Energy supplies of sensor nodes are not replenished or replaced
and, therefore, nodes only participate in the network for as long as they have energy.
This fact necessitates energy efficiency considerations in the design of every aspect of
such nodes. Energy of the nodes is the primary metric that dominates wireless sensor
networks due to its profound impact on network operational lifetime. Energy
consumption in sensor nodes occurs mainly due to computational processing and, to a
greater extent, communication. The most important objective of this research work is
to understand and to make in-depth analysis of the problem of energy constraint in
wireless sensor networks. Based on which it is proposed energy efficient data
dissemination protocol, called Cell Based Routing Protocol (CBR-WSN). The
algorithm finds three optimal paths to adjacent cells out of eight possible paths based
on two criteria - transmission cost and available energy level. Each cell offers
maximum energy sensor node to forward packets towards the sink. We approach the
problem of energy conservation from the aspect of network protocols. The proposed
protocol has been evaluated against Direct Diffusion (DD), and Low Energy Adaptive
Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocols. Based on simulation results the CBR-WSN
has enhanced the energy efficiency by 8.16% when compared to LEACH protocol. In
fact, it is still possible to improve the energy efficiency by handling idle time energy
waste and computation energy. Comparing the lifetime of the proposed protocol
against LEACH, with similar simulation parameters, the proposed protocol has
improved the lifetime by a minimum of 2%. Moreover, only cluster heads are
responsible for data dissemination, coordination and scheduling node activities inside
a cell. Cluster heads hand over their role when the residual energy becomes less than
one of the cell member‘s energy. |
